unify quoting style for echo

connect_to_openvpn_with_token.sh

@@ -54,25 +54,25 @@ adapter_check=$( ip a s tun06 2>&1 )
 should_read="Device \"tun06\" does not exist"
 pid_filepath="/opt/piavpn-manual/pia_pid"
 if [[ $adapter_check != *"$should_read"* ]]; then
-  echo -e ${RED}The tun06 adapter already exists, that interface is required
+  echo -e "${RED}The tun06 adapter already exists, that interface is required"
-  echo -e for this configuration.${NC}
+  echo -e "for this configuration.${NC}"
   if [[ -f $pid_filepath ]]; then
     old_pid=$( cat "$pid_filepath" )
     old_pid_name=$( ps -p "$old_pid" -o comm= )
     if [[ $old_pid_name == "openvpn" ]]; then
       echo
-      echo -e It seems likely that process ${RED}"$old_pid"${NC} is an OpenVPN connection
+      echo -e "It seems likely that process ${RED}$old_pid${NC} is an OpenVPN connection"
-      echo that was established by using this script. Unless it is closed
+      echo "that was established by using this script. Unless it is closed"
-      echo you would not be able to get a new connection.
+      echo "you would not be able to get a new connection."
       echo -ne "Do you want to run ${RED}$ kill $old_pid${NC} (Y/n): "
       read -r close_connection
     fi
     if echo "${close_connection:0:1}" | grep -iq n; then
-      echo -e ${RED}Closing script. Resolve tun06 adapter conflict and run the script again.
+      echo -e "${RED}Closing script. Resolve tun06 adapter conflict and run the script again."
       exit 1
     fi
     echo
-    echo -e ${GREEN}Killing the existing OpenVPN process and waiting 5 seconds...${NC}
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Killing the existing OpenVPN process and waiting 5 seconds...${NC}"
     kill "$old_pid"
     echo
     for i in {5..1}; do
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ if [[ -f /proc/net/if_inet6 ]] &&
   [[ $(sysctl -n net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6) -ne 1 ||
      $(sysctl -n net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6) -ne 1 ]]
 then
-  echo -e ${RED}'You should consider disabling IPv6 by running:'
+  echo -e "${RED}You should consider disabling IPv6 by running:"
-  echo 'sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1'
+  echo "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1"
-  echo -e 'sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1'${NC}
+  echo -e "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1${NC}"
 fi
 
 # Check if the mandatory environment variables are set.
@@ -102,25 +102,25 @@ if [[ -z $OVPN_SERVER_IP ||
       -z $OVPN_HOSTNAME ||
       -z $PIA_TOKEN ||
       -z $CONNECTION_SETTINGS ]]; then
-  echo -e ${RED}'This script requires 4 env vars:'
+  echo -e "${RED}This script requires 4 env vars:"
-  echo 'PIA_TOKEN           - the token used for authentication'
+  echo "PIA_TOKEN           - the token used for authentication"
-  echo 'OVPN_SERVER_IP      - IP that you want to connect to'
+  echo "OVPN_SERVER_IP      - IP that you want to connect to"
-  echo 'OVPN_HOSTNAME       - name of the server, required for ssl'
+  echo "OVPN_HOSTNAME       - name of the server, required for ssl"
-  echo 'CONNECTION_SETTINGS - the protocol and encryption specification'
+  echo "CONNECTION_SETTINGS - the protocol and encryption specification"
-  echo '                    - available options for CONNECTION_SETTINGS are:'
+  echo "                    - available options for CONNECTION_SETTINGS are:"
-  echo '                        * openvpn_udp_standard'
+  echo "                        * openvpn_udp_standard"
-  echo '                        * openvpn_udp_strong'
+  echo "                        * openvpn_udp_strong"
-  echo '                        * openvpn_tcp_standard'
+  echo "                        * openvpn_tcp_standard"
-  echo '                        * openvpn_tcp_strong'
+  echo "                        * openvpn_tcp_strong"
   echo
-  echo You can also specify optional env vars:
+  echo "You can also specify optional env vars:"
   echo "PIA_PF                - enable port forwarding"
   echo "PAYLOAD_AND_SIGNATURE - In case you already have a port."
   echo
-  echo An easy solution is to just run get_region_and_token.sh
+  echo "An easy solution is to just run get_region_and_token.sh"
-  echo as it will guide you through getting the best server and
+  echo "as it will guide you through getting the best server and"
-  echo also a token. Detailed information can be found here:
+  echo "also a token. Detailed information can be found here:"
-  echo -e https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections${NC}
+  echo -e "https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections${NC}"
   exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ fi
 echo -n "Trying to write /opt/piavpn-manual/pia.ovpn..."
 mkdir -p /opt/piavpn-manual
 rm -f /opt/piavpn-manual/credentials /opt/piavpn-manual/route_info
-echo "${PIA_TOKEN:0:62}""
+echo "${PIA_TOKEN:0:62}
-""${PIA_TOKEN:62}" > /opt/piavpn-manual/credentials || exit 1
+${PIA_TOKEN:62}" > /opt/piavpn-manual/credentials || exit 1
 chmod 600 /opt/piavpn-manual/credentials
 echo -e "${GREEN}OK!${NC}"
 
@@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ echo "remote $OVPN_SERVER_IP $port $protocol" >> /opt/piavpn-manual/pia.ovpn
 if [[ $PIA_DNS != "true" ]]; then
   cp openvpn_config/openvpn_up.sh /opt/piavpn-manual/
   cp openvpn_config/openvpn_down.sh /opt/piavpn-manual/
-  echo -e ${RED}This configuration will not use PIA DNS.${NC}
+  echo -e "${RED}This configuration will not use PIA DNS.${NC}"
-  echo If you want to also enable PIA DNS, please start the script
+  echo "If you want to also enable PIA DNS, please start the script"
-  echo with the env var PIA_DNS=true. Example:
+  echo "with the env var PIA_DNS=true. Example:"
   echo $ OVPN_SERVER_IP=\""$OVPN_SERVER_IP"\" OVPN_HOSTNAME=\""$OVPN_HOSTNAME"\" \
     PIA_TOKEN=\""$PIA_TOKEN"\" CONNECTION_SETTINGS=\""$CONNECTION_SETTINGS"\" \
     PIA_PF=true PIA_DNS=true ./connect_to_openvpn_with_token.sh
@@ -233,14 +233,14 @@ To disconnect the VPN, run:
 
 # This section will stop the script if PIA_PF is not set to "true".
 if [[ $PIA_PF != "true" ]]; then
-  echo If you want to also enable port forwarding, you can start the script:
+  echo "If you want to also enable port forwarding, you can start the script:"
-  echo -e $ ${GREEN}PIA_TOKEN="$PIA_TOKEN" \
+  echo -e "$ ${GREEN}PIA_TOKEN=$PIA_TOKEN" \
-    PF_GATEWAY="$gateway_ip" \
+    "PF_GATEWAY=$gateway_ip" \
-    PF_HOSTNAME="$OVPN_HOSTNAME" \
+    "PF_HOSTNAME=$OVPN_HOSTNAME" \
-    ./port_forwarding.sh${NC}
+    "./port_forwarding.sh${NC}"
   echo
-  echo The location used must be port forwarding enabled, or this will fail.
+  echo "The location used must be port forwarding enabled, or this will fail."
-  echo Calling the ./get_region script with PIA_PF=true will provide a filtered list.
+  echo "Calling the ./get_region script with PIA_PF=true will provide a filtered list."
   exit 1
 fi
 

connect_to_wireguard_with_token.sh

@@ -55,28 +55,28 @@ if [[ -f /proc/net/if_inet6 ]] &&
   [[ $(sysctl -n net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6) -ne 1 ||
      $(sysctl -n net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6) -ne 1 ]]
 then
-  echo 'You should consider disabling IPv6 by running:'
+  echo "You should consider disabling IPv6 by running:"
-  echo 'sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1'
+  echo "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1"
-  echo 'sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1'
+  echo "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1"
 fi
 
 # Check if the mandatory environment variables are set.
 if [[ -z $WG_SERVER_IP ||
       -z $WG_HOSTNAME ||
       -z $PIA_TOKEN ]]; then
-  echo -e ${RED}This script requires 3 env vars:
+  echo -e "${RED}This script requires 3 env vars:"
-  echo WG_SERVER_IP - IP that you want to connect to
+  echo "WG_SERVER_IP - IP that you want to connect to"
-  echo WG_HOSTNAME  - name of the server, required for ssl
+  echo "WG_HOSTNAME  - name of the server, required for ssl"
-  echo PIA_TOKEN    - your authentication token
+  echo "PIA_TOKEN    - your authentication token"
   echo
-  echo You can also specify optional env vars:
+  echo "You can also specify optional env vars:"
   echo "PIA_PF                - enable port forwarding"
   echo "PAYLOAD_AND_SIGNATURE - In case you already have a port."
   echo
-  echo An easy solution is to just run get_region_and_token.sh
+  echo "An easy solution is to just run get_region_and_token.sh"
-  echo as it will guide you through getting the best server and
+  echo "as it will guide you through getting the best server and"
-  echo also a token. Detailed information can be found here:
+  echo "also a token. Detailed information can be found here:"
-  echo -e https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections${NC}
+  echo -e "https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections${NC}"
   exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export pubKey
 # In case you didn't clone the entire repo, get the certificate from:
 # https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections/blob/master/ca.rsa.4096.crt
 # In case you want to troubleshoot the script, replace -s with -v.
-echo Trying to connect to the PIA WireGuard API on "$WG_SERVER_IP"...
+echo "Trying to connect to the PIA WireGuard API on $WG_SERVER_IP..."
 wireguard_json="$(curl -s -G \
   --connect-to "$WG_HOSTNAME::$WG_SERVER_IP:" \
   --cacert "ca.rsa.4096.crt" \
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ fi
 # get multi-hop running with both WireGuard and OpenVPN by playing with
 # these scripts. Feel free to fork the project and test it out.
 echo
-echo Trying to disable a PIA WG connection in case it exists...
+echo "Trying to disable a PIA WG connection in case it exists..."
 wg-quick down pia && echo -e "${GREEN}\nPIA WG connection disabled!${NC}"
 echo
 
@@ -142,14 +142,14 @@ PublicKey = $(echo "$wireguard_json" | jq -r '.server_key')
 AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0
 Endpoint = ${WG_SERVER_IP}:$(echo "$wireguard_json" | jq -r '.server_port')
 " > /etc/wireguard/pia.conf || exit 1
-echo -e ${GREEN}OK!${NC}
+echo -e "${GREEN}OK!${NC}"
 
 # Start the WireGuard interface.
 # If something failed, stop this script.
 # If you get DNS errors because you miss some packages,
 # just hardcode /etc/resolv.conf to "nameserver 10.0.0.242".
 echo
-echo Trying to create the wireguard interface...
+echo "Trying to create the wireguard interface..."
 wg-quick up pia || exit 1
 echo
 echo -e "${GREEN}The WireGuard interface got created.${NC}
@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ To disconnect the VPN, run:
 
 # This section will stop the script if PIA_PF is not set to "true".
 if [[ $PIA_PF != "true" ]]; then
-  echo If you want to also enable port forwarding, you can start the script:
+  echo "If you want to also enable port forwarding, you can start the script:"
-  echo -e $ ${GREEN}PIA_TOKEN="$PIA_TOKEN" \
+  echo -e "$ ${GREEN}PIA_TOKEN=$PIA_TOKEN" \
-    PF_GATEWAY="$WG_SERVER_IP" \
+    "PF_GATEWAY=$WG_SERVER_IP" \
-    PF_HOSTNAME="$WG_HOSTNAME" \
+    "PF_HOSTNAME=$WG_HOSTNAME" \
-    ./port_forwarding.sh${NC}
+    "./port_forwarding.sh${NC}"
   echo
-  echo The location used must be port forwarding enabled, or this will fail.
+  echo "The location used must be port forwarding enabled, or this will fail."
-  echo Calling the ./get_region script with PIA_PF=true will provide a filtered list.
+  echo "Calling the ./get_region script with PIA_PF=true will provide a filtered list."
   exit 1
 fi
 

get_region.sh

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ if [[ $selectedRegion == "none" ]]; then
   # Test one server from each region to get the closest region.
   # If port forwarding is enabled, filter out regions that don't support it.
   if [[ $PIA_PF == "true" ]]; then
-    echo Port Forwarding is enabled, non-PF servers excluded.
+    echo "Port Forwarding is enabled, non-PF servers excluded."
     echo
     summarized_region_data="$( echo "$all_region_data" |
       jq -r '.regions[] | select(.port_forward==true) |
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ if [[ $selectedRegion == "none" ]]; then
     .servers.meta[0].ip+" "+.id+" "+.name+" "+(.geo|tostring)' )"
   fi
   echo -e Testing regions that respond \
-    faster than ${GREEN}"$MAX_LATENCY"${NC} seconds:
+    faster than "${GREEN}$MAX_LATENCY${NC}" seconds:
   selectedRegion="$(echo "$summarized_region_data" |
     xargs -I{} bash -c 'printServerLatency {}' |
     sort | head -1 | awk '{ print $2 }')"
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ if [[ $selectedRegion == "none" ]]; then
 
   if [[ -z $selectedRegion ]]; then
     echo -e "${RED}No region responded within ${MAX_LATENCY}s, consider using a higher timeout."
-    echo For example, to wait 1 second for each region, inject MAX_LATENCY=1 like this:
+    echo "For example, to wait 1 second for each region, inject MAX_LATENCY=1 like this:"
-    echo -e $ MAX_LATENCY=1 ./get_region.sh${NC}
+    echo -e "$ MAX_LATENCY=1 ./get_region.sh${NC}"
     exit 1
   else
     echo -e "A list of servers and connection details, ordered by latency can be
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ bestServer_OU_hostname=$(echo "$regionData" | jq -r '.servers.ovpnudp[0].cn')
 
 
 if [[ $VPN_PROTOCOL == "no" ]]; then
-  echo -ne The $selectedOrLowestLatency region is ${GREEN}"$(echo "$regionData" | jq -r '.name')"${NC}
+  echo -ne "The $selectedOrLowestLatency region is ${GREEN}$(echo "$regionData" | jq -r '.name')${NC}"
   if echo "$regionData" | jq -r '.geo' | grep true > /dev/null; then
     echo " (geolocated region)."
   else
@@ -216,9 +216,9 @@ fi
 # If no token exists, the script will check for login credentials to generate one
 if [[ -z $PIA_TOKEN ]]; then
   if [[ -z $PIA_USER || -z $PIA_PASS ]]; then
-    echo -e ${RED}If you want this script to automatically get an authentication
+    echo -e "${RED}If you want this script to automatically get an authentication"
-    echo token, please add the variables PIA_USER and PIA_PASS. Example:
+    echo "token, please add the variables PIA_USER and PIA_PASS. Example:"
-    echo -e $ PIA_USER=p0123456 PIA_PASS=xxx ./get_region.sh${NC}
+    echo -e "$ PIA_USER=p0123456 PIA_PASS=xxx ./get_region.sh${NC}"
     exit 0
   fi
   ./get_token.sh
@@ -232,12 +232,12 @@ fi
 
 # Connect with WireGuard and clear authentication token file and latencyList
 if [[ $VPN_PROTOCOL == "wireguard" ]]; then
-  echo The ./get_region.sh script got started with
+  echo "The ./get_region.sh script got started with"
-  echo -e ${GREEN}VPN_PROTOCOL=wireguard${NC}, so we will automatically connect to WireGuard,
+  echo -e "${GREEN}VPN_PROTOCOL=wireguard${NC}, so we will automatically connect to WireGuard,"
-  echo by running this command:
+  echo "by running this command:"
-  echo -e $ ${GREEN}PIA_TOKEN="$PIA_TOKEN" \\
+  echo -e "$ ${GREEN}PIA_TOKEN=$PIA_TOKEN \\"
-  echo WG_SERVER_IP="$bestServer_WG_IP" WG_HOSTNAME="$bestServer_WG_hostname" \\
+  echo "WG_SERVER_IP=$bestServer_WG_IP WG_HOSTNAME=$bestServer_WG_hostname \\"
-  echo -e PIA_PF=$PIA_PF ./connect_to_wireguard_with_token.sh${NC}
+  echo -e "PIA_PF=$PIA_PF ./connect_to_wireguard_with_token.sh${NC}"
   echo
   PIA_PF=$PIA_PF PIA_TOKEN=$PIA_TOKEN WG_SERVER_IP=$bestServer_WG_IP \
     WG_HOSTNAME=$bestServer_WG_hostname ./connect_to_wireguard_with_token.sh
@@ -253,14 +253,14 @@ if [[ $VPN_PROTOCOL == openvpn* ]]; then
     serverIP=$bestServer_OT_IP
     serverHostname=$bestServer_OT_hostname
   fi
-  echo The ./get_region.sh script got started with
+  echo "The ./get_region.sh script got started with"
-  echo -e ${GREEN}VPN_PROTOCOL=$VPN_PROTOCOL${NC}, so we will automatically
+  echo -e "${GREEN}VPN_PROTOCOL=$VPN_PROTOCOL${NC}, so we will automatically"
-  echo connect to OpenVPN, by running this command:
+  echo "connect to OpenVPN, by running this command:"
-  echo -e $ ${GREEN}PIA_PF=$PIA_PF PIA_TOKEN="$PIA_TOKEN" \\
+  echo -e "$ ${GREEN}PIA_PF=$PIA_PF PIA_TOKEN=$PIA_TOKEN \\"
-  echo   OVPN_SERVER_IP="$serverIP" \\
+  echo "  OVPN_SERVER_IP=$serverIP \\"
-  echo   OVPN_HOSTNAME="$serverHostname" \\
+  echo "  OVPN_HOSTNAME=$serverHostname \\"
-  echo   CONNECTION_SETTINGS=$VPN_PROTOCOL \\
+  echo "  CONNECTION_SETTINGS=$VPN_PROTOCOL \\"
-  echo -e ./connect_to_openvpn_with_token.sh${NC}
+  echo -e "  ./connect_to_openvpn_with_token.sh${NC}"
   echo
   PIA_PF=$PIA_PF PIA_TOKEN=$PIA_TOKEN \
     OVPN_SERVER_IP=$serverIP \

get_token.sh

@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ fi
 mkdir -p /opt/piavpn-manual
 
 if [[ -z $PIA_USER || -z $PIA_PASS ]]; then
-  echo If you want this script to automatically get a token from the Meta
+  echo "If you want this script to automatically get a token from the Meta"
-  echo service, please add the variables PIA_USER and PIA_PASS. Example:
+  echo "service, please add the variables PIA_USER and PIA_PASS. Example:"
-  echo $ PIA_USER=p0123456 PIA_PASS=xxx ./get_token.sh
+  echo "$ PIA_USER=p0123456 PIA_PASS=xxx ./get_token.sh"
   exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ if [[ $(echo "$generateTokenResponse" | jq -r '.status') != "OK" ]]; then
   exit
 fi
 
-echo -e ${GREEN}OK!
+echo -e "${GREEN}OK!"
 echo
 token=$(echo "$generateTokenResponse" | jq -r '.token')
 tokenExpiration=$(timeout_timestamp)

port_forwarding.sh

@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ check_tool jq
 
 # Check if the mandatory environment variables are set.
 if [[ -z $PF_GATEWAY || -z $PIA_TOKEN || -z $PF_HOSTNAME ]]; then
-  echo This script requires 3 env vars:
+  echo "This script requires 3 env vars:"
-  echo PF_GATEWAY  - the IP of your gateway
+  echo "PF_GATEWAY  - the IP of your gateway"
-  echo PF_HOSTNAME - name of the host used for SSL/TLS certificate verification
+  echo "PF_HOSTNAME - name of the host used for SSL/TLS certificate verification"
-  echo PIA_TOKEN   - the token you use to connect to the vpn services
+  echo "PIA_TOKEN   - the token you use to connect to the vpn services"
   echo
-  echo An easy solution is to just run get_region_and_token.sh
+  echo "An easy solution is to just run get_region_and_token.sh"
-  echo as it will guide you through getting the best server and
+  echo "as it will guide you through getting the best server and"
-  echo also a token. Detailed information can be found here:
+  echo "also a token. Detailed information can be found here:"
-  echo https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections
+  echo "https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections"
 exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ while true; do
     # This script will exit in 2 months, since the port will expire.
     export bind_port_response
     if [[ $(echo "$bind_port_response" | jq -r '.status') != "OK" ]]; then
-      echo -e "${RED}The API did not return OK when trying to bind port... Exiting."
+      echo -e "${RED}The API did not return OK when trying to bind port... Exiting.${NC}"
       exit 1
     fi
-    echo -e Forwarded port'\t'${GREEN}"$port"${NC}
+    echo -e Forwarded port'\t'"${GREEN}$port${NC}"
-    echo -e Refreshed on'\t'${GREEN}"$(date)"${NC}
+    echo -e Refreshed on'\t'"${GREEN}$(date)${NC}"
-    echo -e Expires on'\t'${RED}"$(date --date="$expires_at")"${NC}
+    echo -e Expires on'\t'"${RED}$(date --date="$expires_at")${NC}"
     echo -e "\n${GREEN}This script will need to remain active to use port forwarding, and will refresh every 15 minutes.${NC}\n"
 
     # sleep 15 minutes

run_setup.sh

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ if [[ $PIA_PF != "true" ]]; then
  PIA_PF="false"
 fi
 export PIA_PF
-echo -e ${GREEN}PIA_PF=$PIA_PF${NC}
+echo -e "${GREEN}PIA_PF=$PIA_PF${NC}"
 echo
 
 # Check for in-line definition of DISABLE_IPV6 and prompt for input
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ if [[ -z $DISABLE_IPV6 ]]; then
 fi
 
 if echo "${DISABLE_IPV6:0:1}" | grep -iq n; then
-  echo -e ${RED}"IPv6 settings have not been altered.
+  echo -e "${RED}IPv6 settings have not been altered.
-  "${NC}
+  ${NC}"
 else
   echo -e "The variable ${GREEN}DISABLE_IPV6=$DISABLE_IPV6${NC}, does not start with 'n' for 'no'.
 ${GREEN}Defaulting to yes.${NC}
@@ -155,13 +155,13 @@ ${GREEN}Defaulting to yes.${NC}
   echo -e "${RED}IPv6 has been disabled${NC}, you can ${GREEN}enable it again with: "
   echo "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0"
   echo "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0"
-  echo -e ${NC}
+  echo -e "${NC}"
 fi
 
 # Input validation and check for conflicting declarations of AUTOCONNECT and PREFERRED_REGION
 # If both variables are set, AUTOCONNECT has superiority and PREFERRED_REGION is ignored
 if [[ -z $AUTOCONNECT ]]; then
-  echo AUTOCONNECT was not declared.
+  echo "AUTOCONNECT was not declared."
   echo
   selectServer="ask"
 elif echo "${AUTOCONNECT:0:1}" | grep -iq f; then
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ else
     echo
   else
     echo
-    echo AUTOCONNECT supersedes in-line definitions of PREFERRED_REGION.
+    echo "AUTOCONNECT supersedes in-line definitions of PREFERRED_REGION."
     echo -e "${RED}PREFERRED_REGION=$PREFERRED_REGION will be ignored.${NC}
     "
     PREFERRED_REGION=""
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ For example, you can try 0.2 for 200ms allowed latency.
             else
               PREFERRED_REGION=$( awk 'NR == '"$serverSelection"' {print $2}' /opt/piavpn-manual/latencyList )
               echo
-              echo -e ${GREEN}PREFERRED_REGION="$PREFERRED_REGION"${NC}
+              echo -e "${GREEN}PREFERRED_REGION=$PREFERRED_REGION${NC}"
               break
             fi
         done
@@ -300,13 +300,13 @@ For example, you can try 0.2 for 200ms allowed latency.
         exit 1
       fi
     else
-      echo -e ${GREEN}You will auto-connect to the server with the lowest latency.${NC}
+      echo -e "${GREEN}You will auto-connect to the server with the lowest latency.${NC}"
       echo
       break
     fi
   else
     # Validate in-line declaration of PREFERRED_REGION; if invalid remove input to initiate prompts
-    echo Region input is : "$PREFERRED_REGION"
+    echo "Region input is : $PREFERRED_REGION"
     export PREFERRED_REGION
     VPN_PROTOCOL=no ./get_region.sh
     if [[ $? != 1 ]]; then
@@ -357,15 +357,15 @@ case $VPN_PROTOCOL in
     ;;
 esac
 export VPN_PROTOCOL
-echo -e ${GREEN}VPN_PROTOCOL=$VPN_PROTOCOL"
+echo -e "${GREEN}VPN_PROTOCOL=$VPN_PROTOCOL
 ${NC}"
 
 # Check for the required presence of resolvconf for setting DNS on wireguard connections
 setDNS="yes"
 if ! command -v resolvconf &>/dev/null && [[ $VPN_PROTOCOL == "wireguard" ]]; then
-  echo -e ${RED}The resolvconf package could not be found.
+  echo -e "${RED}The resolvconf package could not be found."
-  echo This script can not set DNS for you and you will
+  echo "This script can not set DNS for you and you will"
-  echo -e need to invoke DNS protection some other way.${NC}
+  echo -e "need to invoke DNS protection some other way.${NC}"
   echo
   setDNS="no"
 fi
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ fi
 # Check for in-line definition of PIA_DNS and prompt for input
 if [[ $setDNS == "yes" ]]; then
   if [[ -z $PIA_DNS ]]; then
-    echo Using third party DNS could allow DNS monitoring.
+    echo "Using third party DNS could allow DNS monitoring."
     echo -n "Do you want to force PIA DNS ([Y]es/[n]o): "
     read -r setDNS
     echo